New research shows that using cannabis while pregnant can put both the mother and baby at serious risk. A large-scale review of past studies found links between prenatal cannabis use and problems like low birth weight, premature birth, and even infant death.
Dr. Jamie Lo, a specialist in obstetrics at Oregon Health and Science University, emphasized that one of the most alarming discoveries was a higher chance of losing the baby either during pregnancy or soon after birth. Her past work also revealed that marijuana can interfere with the baby’s lung development and reduce oxygen and blood supply through the placenta, a key organ that provides the baby with nutrients and oxygen.
Even with the known risks, more pregnant women are using cannabis. A study by the National Institute on Drug Abuse found that from 2002 to 2017, marijuana use tripled among pregnant women aged 12 to 44. Most reported using it in the first trimester, primarily for recreational purposes, not for medical needs.
Many people wrongly believe that cannabis is harmless just because it’s a natural plant. But Dr. Lo points out that other dangerous substances like tobacco, alcohol, and heroin also come from plants. Each can cause serious harm during pregnancy. Alcohol is linked to birth defects, tobacco to brain and lung damage in infants, and opioids to addiction and withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
The recent meta-analysis focused only on marijuana use during pregnancy, leaving out cases involving other substances. It reviewed data from 51 studies, involving more than 21 million pregnancies.
Pregnant women who used cannabis had a 52% higher chance of giving birth too early and a 75% greater risk of having babies with low birth weight. Although only a few studies examined infant mortality, those still showed a 29% increase in death risk.
Dr. Brianna Moore, an epidemiologist not involved in the study, noted that as more research emerges, scientists are becoming more confident about the harmful effects of prenatal marijuana exposure.
With cannabis becoming more legal and socially accepted, many parents-to-be receive mixed messages. Lo stresses that healthcare providers need clearer guidance, and better education is necessary for both patients and professionals.
Meanwhile, more recent studies are linking marijuana use to heart issues, mental health problems, and cognitive impairments, especially in younger users. Even daily use can lead to severe side effects like uncontrollable vomiting. Children exposed to THC in the womb may also be more likely to struggle with attention, behavior, and sleep problems later in life.
As more jurisdictions enact marijuana policy changes, more research is likely to be conducted so that there is a better understanding of the specific ways in which cannabis products from companies like SNDL Inc. (NASDAQ: SNDL) positively or adversely affect various groups of individuals in the medium term and long term so that consumers can be empowered to make informed decisions.
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