While quantifying the exact amount of waste produced by the regulated cannabis sector is challenging, it’s evident that the waste generated is substantial. According to the National Cannabis Industry Association, cannabis byproducts in landfills contribute to an increase in carbon emissions of about 27,876 metric tons annually.
Additionally, a 2020 study indicated that the U.S. marijuana industry produced approximately 1,754 tons of fresh and 520 tons of dry-weight trash that year. This figure does not even include packaging waste, which could potentially surpass the estimated biomass waste.
Disposable vaporizers have become increasingly popular in the last few years due to their affordability, portability, ease of use and attraction to cannabis tourists. They accounted for 15% of all vape pen purchases in Canada and 29% in the United States in the first three months of 2024, according to Headset, a Seattle-based marijuana analytics company. Despite their convenience, these products contribute significantly to landfill waste due to their flammable batteries and nonbiodegradable plastics.
In response to the waste problem, some marijuana companies are exploring more sustainable solutions. In April, PAX Labs, based in San Francisco, introduced the PAX Trip, the company’s first product created from recycled and repurposed ocean plastic. Initially launched in Massachusetts and California, the PAX Trip is expected to expand to New York and Colorado. The company collaborated with rePurpose Global to certify all of its products as plastic negative. For every unit of plastic used, PAX funds the removal of twice that amount of plastic from the environment.
Other major players in the industry are also adopting sustainable packaging practices. In October, Canadian marijuana company Tilray Brands announced it had begun converting some of its product components and packaging to hemp to reduce single-use plastics. Tilray has diverted almost 131,000 kg of plastic garbage since the program’s inception, and its Good Supply brand has stopped nearly 925,000 kg of plastic from ending up in landfills.
In 2021, Oregon-based Wyld, a competitor of Wana Brands for the top market share in gummies, unveiled a compostable bag to conform to Canadian market laws. Wyld has extended its ecofriendly packaging to several of its CBD and marijuana-infused products in the American market. Additionally, in 2022, the company released the Good Tide brand, which employs entirely compostable and recyclable paper tubes, some of which have a compostable lining to retain freshness.
Startups such as Ecoshell, previously known as Spark Sourcing, are also developing innovative solutions to reduce carbon emissions and plastic use. The company is currently evaluating unique packaging designs from three different cannabis companies. Ecoshell, a Canadian company based in New Brunswick that caters to the North American sector, debuted a patented substance mainly composed of eggshells in October. This substance can replace up to half of the plastic component in various items after going through a seven-step process to turn it into pellets.
Coast Cannabis Co., an edibles manufacturer located in Massachusetts, teamed up with AE Global to produce environmentally friendly packaging made from recycled ocean plastic. Coast also introduced a marijuana-infused chocolate bar packaged with recycled ocean plastic in June. AE Global focuses on reducing plastic waste by making investments in international waste-management infrastructure. The company provides the cannabis market with specialized supply, labeling and packaging options.
With leading cannabis companies such as Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (CSE: TRUL) (OTCQX: TCNNF) crunching the numbers and seeing options that minimize waste can also be cost effective, the reputation of the industry as one that generates significant waste could change.
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